（一）名词变复数： 1．规则名词复数形式：在单数名词后加“s” day → days week → weeks 2．在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 末端的名词后加“es”。hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes bush → bushes watch → watches3．特别注意：I．有些以o末端的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。

II．以元音字母加o末端的单词只加“s”。（不认识的单词，请你查词典） piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano教你一招 ☆ 如果以O末端的名词有生命力，则该词汇一般加-es。hero，tomato，potato，Negro（黑人）[简记：黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。

]4．以辅音加y末端的名词变y为i再加“es”family → families city → cities 5．y前面是元音字母只加“s”key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys 6．以f、fe末端的名词，变 f / fe为 v加 es。calf → calves knife → knives ۩ 当心当心：I．下列名词直接加“s”。（请高声朗读三遍，然后背下。

注意读音！）roof（房顶），reef（暗礁），chief（首领），cliff（悬崖），grief（悲痛），turf（草皮）， belief（信仰），gulf（港湾），dwarf（侏儒），safe（保险箱），sheriff（主座），tariff（关税）II．scarf（头巾），wharf（码头），staff（全体职员），handkerchief（手帕）和 hoof（蹄）既可直接加“s”，又可变 f为 v加 es. （二）不规则名词复数形式： 1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men 2．单复数同形：sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works, barracks（兵营） bellows（风箱） kennels（狗窝）3．一些英语外来词的复数形式：crisis→crises 危机 analysis→analyses 分析 oasis→oases 绿洲 parenthesis→parentheses 括号 axis→axes 轴心 ellipsis→ellipses 日蚀 hypothesis→hypotheses 假定 synopsis→synopses 内容提要 erratum→errata 勘误误表 addendum→addenda 补遗、附录 medium→media 媒体 （以上单词熟悉即可） （三）．复合名词复数形式： 1．中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数：bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls 2．man和 woman组成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。man servant→men servants woman teacher→women teachers 3．中间有连字符的合成次，在主体词（中心意义的词）末尾变复数：sister-in-law→sisters-in-lawlooker-on→lookers-on editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief 4．下列合成名词在后一个词上变化：sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots go-between→go-betweens （四）．名词所有格 1．在大多数名词末加“'s” the boy's toy, men's work 2．以 s末端的复数名词直接加“'” the students' reading room 3．以 s末端的单数名词加“'” Dickens' novels the actress' performance 4．合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”her brother-in-law's piano. Somebody else's books. （重要！）【重点】：除用于有生命的人外，“'s”格还可用于怀抱衡、地域、天体及一些习语中：an hour's drive, a mile's journey ten pounds' weight. Beijing's weather the earth's surface a stone's throw 投石之距离 at one's wits end 智穷计尽 to one's heart's content 恣意地 by a hair's breadth 千钧一发 at a snail's pace 缓慢地 5．双重所有格：如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。

则要接纳双重所有格。a friend of mine （名词性物主代词） a child of hersthe love poems of your sister's注意区别：● a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像（画中人） ● a portrait of her mother's 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅（纷歧定是她母亲的画像） 测试精编：1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes. A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store 2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill. A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's 3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards. A. wage and saving B. wages and saving C. wage and savings D. wages and savings 4. I want ________ . A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy 5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development. A. have B. had C. do D. has。

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